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surgery

Surgery has been practiced for thousands of years. The oldest records of surgical procedures are found in the Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita, two texts from ancient India. The first known physician to perform surgeries was Sushruta, who lived in around 600BC. The Sushruta Samhita describes over 120 surgical procedures, including rhinoplasty, the repair of torn ear lobes, perineal lithotomy, cataract surgery, and several other excisions and other surgeries. The first step in a typical surgical operation is a consultation between the surgeon and patient during which they discuss what procedure will be done, its risks and benefits, any alternative treatments and their risks and benefits, and the patient's goals for the procedure. This is an opportunity for the patient to ask questions about the operation. After this step the patient will sign a consent form indicating that they understand the risks of surgery. Surgical operations are typically categorized as either invasive o
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hair

Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals. The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair. Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin. Attitudes towards different hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, gender, or religion. The study of hair is called trichology. Terminology The English word "hair" typically refers to two distinct structures: 1) The part beneath the skin: the pilosebaceous unit consists of the hair follicle, sebaceous gland, erector pili muscle, and arrector pili muscles; plus the associated se
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lip

Lips are soft, movable, and serve as the opening for food intake and in the articulation of sound and speech. The upper and lower lip s are referred to as the Labium superius oris and Labium inferius oris, respectively; they are formed by the outer surface of the anterior two-thirds of the tubercle of the lower jaw and by the orbicularis oris muscle. The junction between the skin of the lip and the skin of the face is called vermilion border (or cupid's bow), which is caused by a slight elevation at this juncture. The vermilion border has a slightly different color from that of surrounding skin (usually redder), due to differences in vascular supply, thickness, keratinization, melanin pigment content, and surface tension. The vermilion surface of the lip is covered with squamous epithelium (skin). It contains many blood vessels that cause it to look red, but it is not a mucous membrane; rather it is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The epidermis (top layer) appears smo
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piercing

The most important thing to consider when getting your piercing is making sure you get it done by a professional piercer who uses proper procedures. Piercing guns may not be as safe as people think. Guns can't be properly sterilized between customers, and they can't pierce cleanly or at the right angle, especially on cartilage. In addition, the force of the gun can shatter delicate ear cartilage. Make sure you're up-to-date on tetanus and that your immunizations are current before you get pierced. If you don't like the way your piercing looks or feels, give it time to heal before deciding to take the jewelry out. Taking out the jewelry can cause your piercing to close while it's still healing and can lead to infection or scarring. A piercing might take a couple of years to heal completely. If you have any problems with your piercing , see a dermatologist for treatment. You might want to consider having tattoos removed if: You no longer like one or more of your
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